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IPR Just Got Stricter: What the New PTAB Rule Means—and Why Page Vault Already Has You Covered

Last Updated October 2025

 

On July 31, 2025, the USPTO issued a three-page memo instructing the PTAB to stop waiving and start enforcing Rule 42.104(b)(4). For petitions filed after September 1, every claim limitation must be mapped to a pinpoint location in a printed publication or patent. Anything else—including AAPA—can no longer supply a missing element (though it can still explain motivation to combine). The Office says the bright-line approach aligns PTAB practice with the Federal Circuit’s recent Shockwave decision and will cut down on remands.

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A Comprehensive Breakdown of Screenshot Tools for Legal Evidence

Last Updated September 2025

The increasing reliance on digital content, such as web pages, emails, and social media posts, has led to a rise in the use of screenshots in courtrooms. However, admissibility depends on proper verification, including accurate metadata, unaltered content, and a secure chain of custody. Using tools that provide tamper-proof captures can help legal teams present credible digital evidence that meets evidentiary standards.

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Understanding the Canada Evidence Act for Social Media and Websites

Last Updated April 2024

Canada, like many jurisdictions, has specific regulations governing the admissibility of ESI, commonly referred to as the "Best Evidence Rule." The Canada Evidence Act (CEA) sets forth guidelines that are critical for legal professionals when handling electronically stored evidence (ESE) from social media platforms and websites. This blog post delves into these guidelines and shares best practices for navigating the evidentiary landscape of digital content in Canada.

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Expert Witness Amendment to Federal Evidence Rule 702: What it means

Last Updated March 2024

Recent changes to Federal Rule of Evidence (FRE) 702 are pivotal in determining the admissibility of expert testimony in federal courts. These amendments, which were approved by the U.S. Supreme Court and took effect on December 1, 2023, aim to clarify and refine the criteria for expert witness qualifications and their testimony's admissibility.

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The Importance of Metadata and Affidavits for Admissible Digital Evidence

Last Updated March 2024

For digital content—such as websites, social media profiles, and YouTube videos—to be admitted as evidence at the summary judgment or trial stage, the process of collecting the evidence must be well documented. This involves recording and reporting all pertinent information, known as metadata, including the exact date and time of capture and the browser used.

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Admissibility Risks of Submitting Simple Screenshots as Evidence

Last Updated March 2024

When digital content—such as websites and social media sites—might be introduced as evidence in a case, legal counsel must ensure that the evidence is properly collected and authenticated under the relevant rules of evidence. Taking simple screenshots without authentication can result in the evidence being ruled inadmissible, putting the entire case at risk.

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